1. Intrinsic (Natural) Aging

• Collagen & Elastin Breakdown: As you age, your skin produces less collagen and elastin, proteins that keep skin firm and elastic.

• Slower Cell Turnover: Skin renewal slows, leading to dullness and thinning skin.

• Fat Loss: Subcutaneous fat diminishes, causing sagging and deeper wrinkles.

2. Extrinsic (External) Factors

• Sun Exposure (Photoaging): UV rays break down collagen and elastin, causing premature wrinkles, pigmentation, and leathery texture.

• Smoking: Reduces blood flow to the skin and depletes collagen, leading to deeper wrinkles (e.g., “smoker’s lines”).

• Pollution & Toxins: Free radicals from pollution damage skin cells and accelerate aging.

• Poor Diet: Lack of antioxidants, vitamins (A, C, E), and hydration can speed up skin aging.

3. Facial Movements (Dynamic Wrinkles)

• Repeated expressions (smiling, frowning, squinting) create fine lines that deepen over time (e.g., crow’s feet, forehead lines).

4. Dehydration & Dryness

• Lack of moisture makes fine lines more noticeable and can weaken the skin barrier.